âã¢ã¢ãµãã€ããã¢ã¹ïŒãããŒåïŒ
ïŒäž¡è³çšïŒ
âãµã€ãºâŠã¢ã¢ãµãã€ãçŽïŒâ¢ïŒããªâ
ïŒâ¢ïŒãã£ã©ããïŒ
ïŒäž¡è³ã§ïŒãã£ã©ããïŒ
çé®è£œ
ð©·ç¹å¥äŸ¡æ ŒâŠã·ã§ããæ»åšæéãé·ãåãªã®ã§ç¹å¥äŸ¡æ Œã§æã¡äž»ããåéäžã§ãâ¡
ãããã¯ãªãªâ¢ãã£ãŒã¢ã¢ãµãã€ã
âã°ãªãŒããã·ã¥ãã«ãŒâ
çŸããã¢ã¢ãµã§ã(â *â Ëâ ïž¶â Ëâ *â )â .â â *â â¡
ãã€ã€ã¢ã³ãã®ä»£çšåãšããŠå¹Žã
ãå€äžããããŠããŸãã
â¢éªæ°æã
â¢æã¡äž»ããã®ãªãŒã©ãèããã
â¢èšèã®ã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãµããŒãïŒã°ãªãŒããã·ã¥ãã«ãŒã®æ°Žè²å¹æïŒ
æã¡äž»ããã®ãªãŒã©ãèãããéªæ°æããé«ãåšæ³¢æ°ã«ãã¥ãŒãã³ã°ãããµããŒãã¯ãã€ã€ã¢ã³ãã«è² ããå£ããâ
ãŸã·ããç
ããã¯ãã€ã€ã¢ã³ã以äžâš
ãå
ã®åæ£çã
ãã¡ã€ã€ãŒãšåŒã¶å
ã®åæ£çã¯ãã€ã¢ã¢ã³ãã®2â¢5åâ
ãã¢ãŒã¹ç¡¬åºŠã
硬床ãã€ã€ã¢ã³ãã10ã¢ã¢ãµãã€ãã¯9â¢25âŠç¡¬ããŠæåãªã«ããŒããµãã¡ã€ã¢ãã硬ãã§ãâ
ã屿çãã¯ãã€ã¢ã¢ã³ã2â¢4âã¢ã¢ãµãã€ã2â¢6âãã€ã¢ã¢ã³ã以äžã
ãåæãšã¯ã
倩ç¶ç³ã®åæãšã¯å€©ç¶ã«ååšããæåãšåãç©ãæéããããŠç¹æ®ãªæ¡ä»¶äžã§è²ãŠãããã«äœãäºã
ã人工ãšã¯ã
人工ã¯å¥ã®æåã§äŒŒãç©ãäœãäºãèšããŸã
倪éœã®äžã§ã®èŒãâŠéšå±ã®äžã§ã®èŒãâŠã©ã¡ããæé«ã®èŒãã§ã
ãã€ã€ã¢ã³ãã«æ¬¡ã硬床ãæã¡ãå²ããæ¬ ãã«å¯Ÿãã匷床ïŒèä¹
æ§ïŒã¯ãã€ã€ã¢ã³ãããã匷ãããã€ã€ã¢ã³ããè¶
ããå
ã®å±æçãšå
ã®åæ£åºŠïŒå
ã®åºããïŒãèªããŸããäžçã§äžçªèŒãå®ç³
ïŒminneã§ã¯ãžã£ã³ã«ãç¡ãã®ã§å€©ç¶ç³ãšåºåããŠããŸãïŒ
1893幎ãå®å®ããéã£ãŠããéç³ã®äžããçºèŠãããã¢ã¢ãµãã€ããå°çäžã«ååšããªããã®èŒãã«é
äºããã人é¡ãã¢ã¢ãµãã€ãã人工çã«äœããããã«ãªããŸã§ã«çŽ100幎ã
欧米ã§ã¯å©çŽæèŒªãšããŠæ³šç®ãéãããã€ã¢ã¢ã³ããè¶
ãã人æ°
æ³¢åã°ããºâš
âŠæµåâã¯ã©ã¹ã¿ãŒã§ã®ãã¯ãŒã¢ããããããŠæŽã«æ³¢åã®é«ããšãã«ã®ãŒã济ã³ãŠããŸãã
ç¥è幟äœåп𡿧ãšãã«ã®ãŒã»æŒéçŸ
ã»å®å®é«æ¬¡å
ãšãã«ã®ãŒã»é«æ¬¡å
ã®æãšèª¿åã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã¬ã€ã
ã¹ããªãã¥ã¢ã«ããŒã©ãŒã®èè(ãªãª)ããšãã«ã®ãŒãã£ãŒãžããŠãéãããŸãâæã¡äž»ããã«å¿
èŠãªãšãã«ã®ãŒãå±ããŸãããã«æå³ããŠããŸãã
(äœæãæãæ¹ã¯å人差ããããŸãïŒ
.:*:ã»'°â ãã¡ããäžèŠãªæ¹ã¯ååãåããŠæã«ããæã«ãèèïŒãªãªïŒããã®ã¹ããªãã¥ã¢ã«ãšãã«ã®ãŒã¯äžèŠâãšç³ã«åããŠããã¢ã¯ã»ãµãªãŒãšããŠã䜿ãäžãã
(â ââ â¢â áŽâ â¢â ââ )â â§â *â ãæã¡äž»ããã®æå³ïŒèªåã§ã©ãããããæ±ºããïŒãäžçªã§ãããâ
âã¢ã¢ãµãã€ããã¢ã¹ïŒãããŒåïŒ
ïŒäž¡è³çšïŒ
âãµã€ãºâŠã¢ã¢ãµãã€ãçŽïŒâ¢ïŒããªâ
ïŒâ¢ïŒãã£ã©ããïŒ
ïŒäž¡è³ã§ïŒãã£ã©ããïŒ
çé®è£œ
ð©·ç¹å¥äŸ¡æ ŒâŠã·ã§ããæ»åšæéãé·ãåãªã®ã§ç¹å¥äŸ¡æ Œã§æã¡äž»ããåéäžã§ãâ¡
ãããã¯ãªãªâ¢ãã£ãŒã¢ã¢ãµãã€ã
âã°ãªãŒããã·ã¥ãã«ãŒâ
çŸããã¢ã¢ãµã§ã(â *â Ëâ ïž¶â Ëâ *â )â .â â *â â¡
ãã€ã€ã¢ã³ãã®ä»£çšåãšããŠå¹Žã
ãå€äžããããŠããŸãã
â¢éªæ°æã
â¢æã¡äž»ããã®ãªãŒã©ãèããã
â¢èšèã®ã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãµããŒãïŒã°ãªãŒããã·ã¥ãã«ãŒã®æ°Žè²å¹æïŒ
æã¡äž»ããã®ãªãŒã©ãèãããéªæ°æããé«ãåšæ³¢æ°ã«ãã¥ãŒãã³ã°ãããµããŒãã¯ãã€ã€ã¢ã³ãã«è² ããå£ããâ
ãŸã·ããç
ããã¯ãã€ã€ã¢ã³ã以äžâš
ãå
ã®åæ£çã
ãã¡ã€ã€ãŒãšåŒã¶å
ã®åæ£çã¯ãã€ã¢ã¢ã³ãã®2â¢5åâ
ãã¢ãŒã¹ç¡¬åºŠã
硬床ãã€ã€ã¢ã³ãã10ã¢ã¢ãµãã€ãã¯9â¢25âŠç¡¬ããŠæåãªã«ããŒããµãã¡ã€ã¢ãã硬ãã§ãâ
ã屿çãã¯ãã€ã¢ã¢ã³ã2â¢4âã¢ã¢ãµãã€ã2â¢6âãã€ã¢ã¢ã³ã以äžã
ãåæãšã¯ã
倩ç¶ç³ã®åæãšã¯å€©ç¶ã«ååšããæåãšåãç©ãæéããããŠç¹æ®ãªæ¡ä»¶äžã§è²ãŠãããã«äœãäºã
ã人工ãšã¯ã
人工ã¯å¥ã®æåã§äŒŒãç©ãäœãäºãèšããŸã
倪éœã®äžã§ã®èŒãâŠéšå±ã®äžã§ã®èŒãâŠã©ã¡ããæé«ã®èŒãã§ã
ãã€ã€ã¢ã³ãã«æ¬¡ã硬床ãæã¡ãå²ããæ¬ ãã«å¯Ÿãã匷床ïŒèä¹
æ§ïŒã¯ãã€ã€ã¢ã³ãããã匷ãããã€ã€ã¢ã³ããè¶
ããå
ã®å±æçãšå
ã®åæ£åºŠïŒå
ã®åºããïŒãèªããŸããäžçã§äžçªèŒãå®ç³
ïŒminneã§ã¯ãžã£ã³ã«ãç¡ãã®ã§å€©ç¶ç³ãšåºåããŠããŸãïŒ
1893幎ãå®å®ããéã£ãŠããéç³ã®äžããçºèŠãããã¢ã¢ãµãã€ããå°çäžã«ååšããªããã®èŒãã«é
äºããã人é¡ãã¢ã¢ãµãã€ãã人工çã«äœããããã«ãªããŸã§ã«çŽ100幎ã
欧米ã§ã¯å©çŽæèŒªãšããŠæ³šç®ãéãããã€ã¢ã¢ã³ããè¶
ãã人æ°
æ³¢åã°ããºâš
âŠæµåâã¯ã©ã¹ã¿ãŒã§ã®ãã¯ãŒã¢ããããããŠæŽã«æ³¢åã®é«ããšãã«ã®ãŒã济ã³ãŠããŸãã
ç¥è幟äœåп𡿧ãšãã«ã®ãŒã»æŒéçŸ
ã»å®å®é«æ¬¡å
ãšãã«ã®ãŒã»é«æ¬¡å
ã®æãšèª¿åã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã¬ã€ã
ã¹ããªãã¥ã¢ã«ããŒã©ãŒã®èè(ãªãª)ããšãã«ã®ãŒãã£ãŒãžããŠãéãããŸãâæã¡äž»ããã«å¿
èŠãªãšãã«ã®ãŒãå±ããŸãããã«æå³ããŠããŸãã
(äœæãæãæ¹ã¯å人差ããããŸãïŒ
.:*:ã»'°â ãã¡ããäžèŠãªæ¹ã¯ååãåããŠæã«ããæã«ãèèïŒãªãªïŒããã®ã¹ããªãã¥ã¢ã«ãšãã«ã®ãŒã¯äžèŠâãšç³ã«åããŠããã¢ã¯ã»ãµãªãŒãšããŠã䜿ãäžãã
(â ââ â¢â áŽâ â¢â ââ )â â§â *â ãæã¡äž»ããã®æå³ïŒèªåã§ã©ãããããæ±ºããïŒãäžçªã§ãããâ
ãµã€ãº
ã¢ã¢ãµãã€ãâŠçŽïŒâ¢ïŒããª
çºéãŸã§ã®ç®å®
3æ¥
é éæ¹æ³ã»éæ
ã¬ã¿ãŒããã¯
600åïŒè¿œå éæïŒ0åïŒ
å šåœäžåŸ
å šåœäžåŸ
ã¬ã¿ãŒããã¯
430åïŒè¿œå éæïŒ0åïŒ
å šåœäžåŸ
å šåœäžåŸ
å®åœ¢ïŒå€ïŒéµäŸ¿
140åïŒè¿œå éæïŒ40åïŒ
å šåœäžåŸ
å šåœäžåŸ
è³Œå ¥ã®éã®æ³šæç¹
ãã®åºŠã¯åœã®ã£ã©ãªãŒãã芧é ããŸããŠèª ã«ããããšãããããŸãâ
é«å質ã®ã¢ã¢ãµãã€ããã¢ã¹
å
ãåãæ°Žè²ã«èŒã
ïŒåçã¯åºæ¥ãã ãå®ç©ã«è¿ããªãæ§ã«åªããŠããŸãããã芧é ãç°å¢ã«ãã£ãŠç°ãªãå ŽåãããããŸã
(倩ç¶ã®çŽ æã§åºæ¥ãŠããçºã«âŠå€©ç¶ç¹æã®å
ããªå·ãå¹ã¿å
å·ã€ã³ã¯ã«ãŒãžã§ã³ã»å
å
ç©ãªã©ãã¿ãããå ŽåãããããŸã)
ïŒå€©ç¶ç³ã®ç¹æ§äžãè¡æã§ç ŽæããäºããããŸãâŠãåãæ±ãã«ã泚æäžãããŸã
ïŒã賌å
¥è
æ§ã®ãæ°æã¡ã®å€åã§ã®ãã£ã³ã»ã«ã
ã€ã¡ãŒãžãšç°ãªãçã®çç±ã§è¿å亀æã¯èŽããããŸãã
â³ã¢ãã¿ãŒãµãŒãã¹å¯Ÿè±¡å€ååã§ã
ååãªãæ€èšã®äžãç³ã蟌ã¿äžãããŸãããããããé¡ãããŸããÂ